PFAS in tap water: Kagoshima Prefecture
In the national survey table, no water utility in Kagoshima Prefecture exceeded 50 ng/L (PFOS and PFOA combined) in FY2020–FY2025. The highest value in the prefecture was 29 ng/L (FY2025, through the end of August) for the Higashikushira Town water service (東串良町水道事業). The highest value in the prefecture in FY2024 was 12 in Nagashima Town (長島町). In the November 2024 table, Nagashima Town is a utility whose testing point was “raw water (water before treatment) only” (its FY2024 value at that time was 11).
Levels by utility (PFOS + PFOA combined, ng/L)
| Utility | FY2020 | FY2021 | FY2022 | FY2023 | FY2024 | FY2025* | Sampled at |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹿児島市水道局Water supply · 鹿児島市 | nd | 7 | nd | nd | nd | nd | tap and raw |
| 鹿屋市水道事業Water supply · 鹿屋市 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 15 | plant outlet and raw |
| さつま町上水道事業Water supply · さつま町 | — | — | — | nd | nd | — | raw water only |
| 指宿市水道事業Water supply · 指宿市 | — | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | tap only |
| 枕崎市水道事業Water supply · 枕崎市 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 8 | tap and plant outlet |
| 阿久根市水道事業Water supply · 阿久根市 | — | — | — | nd | 10 | — | raw water only |
| 南さつま市水道事業Water supply · 南さつま市 | — | nd | nd | nd | nd | — | raw water only |
| 志布志市水道事業Water supply · 志布志市 | — | — | — | — | — | 9 | — |
| いちき串木野市上水道事業Water supply · いちき串木野市 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | tap only |
| 西之表市水道事業Water supply · 西之表市 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | — |
| 伊佐市水道事業Water supply · 伊佐市 | — | — | — | — | nd | — | tap only |
| 薩摩川内市水道事業Water supply · 薩摩川内市 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | tap and plant outlet |
| 瀬戸内町水道事業Water supply · 瀬戸内町 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | raw water only |
| 奄美市水道事業Water supply · 奄美市 | nd | — | — | nd | — | nd | tap only |
| 大崎町水道事業Water supply · 大崎町 | — | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | raw water only |
| 中種子町水道事業Water supply · 中種子町 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | raw water only |
| 出水市水道事業（出水）Water supply · 出水市 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | tap only |
| 垂水市水道事業Water supply · 垂水市 | — | — | — | — | nd | — | — |
| 出水市水道事業（高尾野）Water supply · 出水市 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | tap only |
| 肝付町水道事業Water supply · 肝付町 | — | — | — | — | 7 | 6 | — |
| 湧水町水道事業Water supply · 湧水町 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | raw water only |
| 南九州市水道事業Water supply · 南九州市 | — | — | — | — | nd | 13 | — |
| 曽於市水道事業Water supply · 曽於市 | — | — | — | — | — | planned | — |
| 和泊町水道事業Water supply · 和泊町 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | tap only |
| 知名町水道事業Water supply · 知名町 | — | — | — | nd | — | — | raw water only |
| 与論町水道事業Water supply · 与論町 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | — | tap and raw |
| 徳之島町水道事業Water supply · 徳之島町 | — | — | — | — | — | planned | — |
| 伊仙町水道事業Water supply · 伊仙町 | — | — | — | — | — | nd | — |
| 霧島市水道事業Water supply · 霧島市 | — | — | — | — | 8 | nd | tap only |
| 日置市上水道事業Water supply · 日置市 | — | — | — | nd | nd | 17 | — |
| 姶良市水道事業Water supply · 姶良市 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | tap and plant outlet |
| 龍郷町水道事業Water supply · 龍郷町 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | — |
| 南種子町水道事業Water supply · 南種子町 | — | — | — | — | — | nd | — |
| 長島町水道事業Water supply · 長島町 | — | — | — | — | 12 | 11 | raw water only |
| 東串良町水道事業Water supply · 東串良町 | — | — | — | — | 10 | 29 | tap only |
| 南大隅町水道事業Water supply · 南大隅町 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | — |
| 屋久島町上水道事業Water supply · 屋久島町 | — | — | — | nd | nd | nd | raw water only |
| 喜界町水道事業Water supply · 喜界町 | — | — | — | — | nd | 12 | — |
| 天城町水道事業Water supply · 天城町 | — | — | — | — | — | nd | — |
| 桂島地区（出水市水道事業）Small water supply · 出水市 | — | — | — | — | — | nd | — |
| 軸谷地区（出水市水道事業）Small water supply · 出水市 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | — |
| 大川内地区（出水市水道事業）Small water supply · 出水市 | — | — | — | — | — | nd | — |
| 上場地区（出水市水道事業）Small water supply · 出水市 | — | — | — | — | — | nd | — |
| 野田地区（出水市水道事業）Small water supply · 出水市 | — | — | — | — | — | nd | — |
| 野田・荘地区（出水市水道事業）Small water supply · 出水市 | — | — | — | — | — | nd | — |
| 辺田地区（出水市水道事業）Small water supply · 出水市 | — | — | — | — | — | nd | — |
| 浦窪地区（出水市水道事業）Small water supply · 出水市 | — | — | — | — | — | nd | — |
| 荒崎地区（出水市水道事業）Small water supply · 出水市 | — | — | — | — | — | nd | — |
| 連尺野地区（出水市水道事業）Small water supply · 出水市 | — | — | — | — | — | nd | — |
| 薩摩川内市上甑島簡易水道事業Small water supply · 薩摩川内市 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | tap and plant outlet |
| 薩摩川内市下甑島簡易水道事業Small water supply · 薩摩川内市 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | tap and plant outlet |
| 横川地区簡易水道事業Small water supply | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | tap only |
| 牧園東部地区簡易水道事業Small water supply | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | tap only |
| 牧園西部地区簡易水道事業Small water supply | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | tap only |
| 霧島地区簡易水道事業Small water supply · 霧島市 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | tap only |
| 牧之原地区簡易水道事業Small water supply | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | tap only |
| 木原地区簡易水道事業Small water supply | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | tap only |
| 三島村簡易水道事業Small water supply · 三島村 | — | — | — | — | nd | — | — |
| 十島村簡易水道事業Small water supply · 十島村 | — | — | — | — | nd | — | — |
| 長島町簡易水道事業Small water supply · 長島町 | — | — | — | — | nd | — | — |
| 大和村簡易水道事業Small water supply · 大和村 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | raw water only |
| 宇検村簡易水道事業Small water supply · 宇検村 | — | — | — | nd | — | nd | tap and raw |
| 西阿室簡易水道事業Small water supply | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | raw water only |
| 諸鈍簡易水道事業Small water supply | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | raw water only |
| 押角簡易水道事業Small water supply | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | raw water only |
| 瀬相簡易水道事業Small water supply | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | raw water only |
| 秋徳簡易水道事業Small water supply | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | raw water only |
| 与路簡易水道事業Small water supply | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | raw water only |
| 勝能簡易水道事業Small water supply | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | raw water only |
| 加計呂麻西部簡易水道事業Small water supply | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | raw water only |
| 加計呂麻南部簡易水道事業Small water supply | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | raw water only |
| 請島簡易水道事業Small water supply | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | raw water only |
| 大根占地区（錦江町水道事業）Small water supply · 錦江町 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | — |
| 中央地区（錦江町水道事業）Small water supply · 錦江町 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | — |
| 神城地区（錦江町水道事業）Small water supply · 錦江町 | — | — | — | — | nd | nd | — |
| 桜町簡易水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 花里簡易水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 花岡地区簡易水道組合Small water supplybuys all its water | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 根木原町水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 船間町簡易水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 海道町簡易水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 白水町簡易水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 古里簡易水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 獅子目簡易水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 天神町簡易水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 中原水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 茅野水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 下山水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 駒水水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 真茅水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 浮津簡易水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 深港簡易水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 二川簡易水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 中浜簡易水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 辺田簡易水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 牛根麓簡易水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 上市木簡易水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 下市木簡易水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 大野原簡易水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 坂元Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 五位塚Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 水ノ久保Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 下十文字Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 大川原Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 通山Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 中谷Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 竹子共正会Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 上之段水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 塚脇簡易水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 皆倉水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 宿利原水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 大原水道組合Small water supply | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
These are the highest values in each fiscal year reported by each utility to the national government (MLIT and the Ministry of the Environment). A utility with several sources or treatment plants can have different levels in different parts of its area. Samples are taken at the tap in principle, but some utilities only measured raw water (water before treatment), and raw-water values are not covered by the tap-water standard. nd = below the detection or quantification limit; — = no value reported. *FY2025 covers results up to the end of August 2025. Utility names are left in Japanese as in the official table.
>50 a year above 50 ng/L (for utilities that also sampled raw water, the value may be from raw water) raw above 50 ng/L, but measured in raw water only
Good to know
- Of the 112 rows in the national table, 39 have no testing records, and 37 of those are small water supply systems. In the November 2024 table, 21 rows were measured only in raw water.
- Higashikushira Town went from 10 in FY2024 to 29 in FY2025. Kanoya City (鹿屋市) was nd (below the detection or quantification limit) in FY2020–FY2024 and 15 in FY2025 (in the November 2024 table, Kanoya City’s testing points were the treatment plant outlet and raw water; the table does not list the testing point for its FY2025 value).
- There are 121 private water supplies (for a facility: in-house water systems for company housing, hospitals, bases and so on). None of the 51 that were tested exceeded 50 (FY2020 to August 2025).
Put it in terms of your own intake
- Intake from water
- — ng/kg/day
- Compared with Japan’s tolerable daily intake (PFOS and PFOA, 20 ng/kg bw/day each)
- —
- Compared with EFSA’s tolerable weekly intake (4 PFAS combined, 4.4 ng/kg bw/week ≈ 0.63 a day)
- —
- Compared with intake from 37 foods (MAFF estimate: PFOS 0.13 + PFOA 0.09 = 0.22 ng/kg bw/day; the 37 foods make up about half of what people eat by amount)
- —
The combined value is treated as a single substance (in reality it is split between PFOS and PFOA, so the share of Japan’s TDI would be smaller). EFSA’s value is for the sum of PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS; tap-water values here do not include PFNA or PFHxS. This calculation shows how the same intake reads differently against different yardsticks; it does not judge health effects.
Related explainers
Sources
- Ministry of the Environment and MLIT: List of results of the follow-up survey of PFOS and PFOA in water supplies (published December 25, 2025)
- Ministry of the Environment and MLIT: Results of the follow-up survey (December 25, 2025)
- Ministry of the Environment and MLIT: List of survey results (published November 29, 2024; testing point column)
Last checked 2026.10.04 (against the original government documents and papers, collected and cross-checked in Gemini Notebook). Utility values are as in the national table; Urayomi sorted and summarized them.